scarlet letter essay1 essays

scarlet letter essay1 essays Through out Nathaniel Hawthones The Scarlet Letter, the main characters suffer psychological damage as a result of different forms of alienation. The character traits they posses make them more susceptible to certain types of alienation. Since Dimmesdale cannot reveal his secret to anyone, he can not share his pain. All the pent up guilt he has stored with in eats away at him, slowly deteriorating his body and soul. Dimmesdales masochistic and pious attributes greatly contribute to the extent of his alienation. For the reverend it was essential to his peace to feel the pressure of a faith about him. This need for punishment coupled with religious devotion gives reason for Dimmesdales secrecy. Hiding his intimate self from other people bestows Dimmesdale the punishment he so desperately seeks. His mental breakdown stemming from his social alienation is most clearly shown in the chapter the The Ministers Vigil. His self-torture leads him to walk under the influence of a species of somnambulism, thinking irrationally in a way not like himself. His pent up agony causes Dimmesdale to act out in ways like this that could reveal his secret. Dimmesdales psychological agony partly stems from a form of spiritual alienation. As a minister, he has a close relationship with God and has a strong sense of spirituality. Due to his sin, his relationship with God suffers in the way that his sin separates him from the teachings of Jesus. Without the virtue and purity he once held, Dimmesdale views himself unworthy in the eyes of God. While lying on the forest floor, Dimmesdale utters The judgment of God is on me, he is too mighty for me to struggle with! To close this gap of isolation between God and himself, Dimmesdale commits acts of penance to relieve his sin. His acceptance of Chillingworths torture and his use of the ...

Understanding the Big Five Personality Traits

Understanding the Big Five Personality Traits Todays psychologists agree that personality can be described by five broad traits: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Together, these traits make up the five-factor model of personality known as the Big Five. Key Takeaways: Big Five Personality Traits The Big Five personality traits are openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.Each trait represents a continuum. Individuals can fall anywhere on the continuum for each trait.Evidence suggests that personality is highly stable during adulthood, although small changes may be possible. Origin of the Big Five Model The Big Five, as well as other models that specify human personality traits, arises from the lexical hypothesis, which was first proposed by Francis Galton in the 1800s. The lexical hypothesis states that every natural language contains all the personality descriptions that are relevant and important to the speakers of that language. In 1936, pioneering psychologist Gordon Allport and his colleague Henry Odbert explored this hypothesis by going through an unabridged English dictionary and creating a list of 18,000 words related to individual differences. Approximately 4,500 of those terms reflected personality traits. This sprawling set of terms gave psychologists interested in the lexical hypothesis a place to start, but it wasnt useful for research, so other scholars attempted to narrow the set of words down. Eventually, in the 1940s, Raymond Cattell and his colleagues used statistical methods to reduce the list to a set of only 16 traits. Several additional scholars analyzed Cattell’s work, including Donald Fiske in 1949, and they all came to a similar conclusion: the data contained a strong, stable set of five traits. However, it wasnt until the 1980s that the Big Five began to receive wider scholarly attention. Today, the Big Five is a ubiquitous part of psychology research, and psychologists largely agree that personality can be grouped into the five basic traits specified by the Big Five. The Big Five Traits Each Big Five trait represents a continuum. For example, the trait of extraversion’s opposite is introversion. Together, extraversion and introversion make up opposing ends of a spectrum for that Big Five trait. People can be very extraverted or very introverted, but most people will fall somewhere in between the extremes of the spectrum.   Its also important to remember that each trait of the Big Five is very broad, representing a cluster of many personality characteristics. These characteristics are more specific and granular than each of the five traits as a whole. Thus, each trait can be defined in general and also broken down into several facets. Openness to Experience If you possess high openness to experience, you are open to all the original and complex things life has to offer, both experientially and mentally. The opposite of openness to experience is close-mindedness. Individuals with this trait are usually: CuriousImaginativeArtisticInterested in many thingsExcitableUnconventional Conscientiousness Conscientiousness means having good impulse control, which enables individuals to fulfill tasks and meet goals. Conscientious behavior includes planning and organization, delaying gratification, avoiding compulsive action, and following cultural norms. The opposite of conscientiousness is lack of direction. Key facets of conscientiousness include: CompetenceOrder, or organizational skillsDutifulness, or a lack of carelessnessAchievement through hard workSelf-disciplineBeing deliberate and controlled Extraversion Extraverted individuals who draws their energy from their interactions with the social world. Extraverts are sociable, talkative, and outgoing. The opposite of extraversion is introversion. Extraverts are typically: GregariousAssertiveActiveExcitement-seekingEmotionally positive and enthusiasticWarm and outgoing Agreeableness The trait of agreeableness refers to a positive and altruistic orientation. This trait enables individuals to see the best in others, trust others, and behave prosocially. The opposite of agreeableness is antagonism. Agreeable people are often: Trusting and forgivingStraightforward and undemandingAltruisticAffable and amenableModestSympathetic to others Neuroticism Neuroticism refers to a tendency towards negative emotions and includes experiences like feeling anxious and depressed. The opposite of neuroticism is emotional stability. Key facets of neuroticism include: Anxiety and tensionAngry hostility and irritability,Depression,Self-consciousness and shyness,Being impulsive and moodyLack of self-confidence The acronym OCEAN is a handy device for the traits specified by the Big Five. Can Personality Be Changed? Personality traits tend to be highly stable during adulthood. While some gradual shifts in personality traits may be possible, these shifts are generally not drastic. In other words, if an individual is low on the trait of extraversion (meaning they are more introverted than extraverted), they are likely to stay that way, though they may become slightly more or less extraverted over time. This consistency is partially explained by genetics, which plays a significant role in the traits one develops. For example, one twin study showed that when the Big Five personality traits of identical and fraternal twins were assessed, the influence of genetics was 61% for openness to experience, 44% for conscientiousness, 53% for extraversion, and 41% for both agreeableness and neuroticism. Environment may indirectly reinforce inherited traits as well. For instance, in creating an environment that works with their own traits, parents also create an environment that works with their children’s traits. Similarly, as adults, people choose environments that reinforce and support their traits. The Big Five in Childhood Research on the Big Five has been criticized in the past for focusing primarily on adult personality development and ignoring the development of these traits in children. Yet, recent research has shown that children as young as five have the ability to describe their personality and that by six, children begin to show consistency and stability in the traits of conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness. Two other studies showed that while the Big Five seems to manifest in children, childrens personalities may also include additional traits. One study of American adolescent boys found that in addition to the Big Five traits, participants also displayed two additional traits. The researchers labeled these as irritability  (negative affect that led to developmentally inappropriate behaviors like whining and tantrums) and activity (energy and physical activity). Another study of Dutch children of both sexes between the ages of 3 and 16 also found two additional personality traits. While one was similar to the activity trait found in the previously discussed study, the other, dependency (relying on others), was different. Age Differences in Personality Traits Research has suggested the Big Five traits evolve with age over the life span. In an analysis of 92 longitudinal studies that examined changes in personality traits from youth to old age, scholars found that people became more conscientious, less neurotic, and increase in social dominance, a facet of extraversion, as they get older. People also became more agreeable in old age. And while adolescents were more open to experience and demonstrated greater social vitality, another facet of extraversion, especially during the college years, people decreased in these traits during old age. Sources Allport, Gordon W. and Henry S. Odbert. â€Å"Trait-Names: A Psycho-Lexical Study.† Psychological Monographs, vol. 47, no. 1, 1936, pp. i-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0093360Cattell, Raymond B. â€Å"The description of Personality: Basic Traits Resolved Into Clusters.† Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, vol. 38, vol. 4, 1943, pp. 476-506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0054116Costa, Paul T., and Robert R. McCrae. â€Å"The NEO-PI-R: Professional Manual.† Psychological Assessment Resources, 1992. sjdm.org/dmidi/NEO_PI-R.htmlDigman, John M. â€Å"Personality Structure: Emergence of the Five-Factor Model.† Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 41, 1990, pp. 417-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.002221Fiske, Donald W. â€Å"Consistency of the Factorial Structures of Personality Ratings from Difference Sources.† Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, vol. 44, 1949, pp. 329-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0057198Jang, Kerry J., Jo hn Livesley, and Philip A. Vernon. â€Å"Heritability of the Big Five Personality Dimensions and Their Facets: A Twin Study.† Journal of Personality, vol. 64, no. 3, 1996, pp. 577-592. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00522.x John, Oliver P., Avshalom Caspi, Richard W. Robins, Terrie E. Moffitt, and Magda Stouthamer-Loeber. â€Å"The ‘Little Five’: Exploring The Nomological Network of the Five-Factor Model of Personality in Adolescent Boys. Child Development, vol. 65, 1994, pp. 160-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00742.xJohn, Oliver P., Laura P. Naumann, and Christopher J. Soto. â€Å"Paradigm Shift to the Integrative Big Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Conceptual Issues.† Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, 3rd ed., edited by Oliver P. John, Richard W. Robins, and Lawrence A. Pervin, The Guilford Press, 2008, pp. 114-158.John, Oliver P. and Sanjay Srivastava. â€Å"The Big Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Theoretical Perspectives.† Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, 2nd ed., edited by Lawrence A. Pervin, and Oliver P. John, The Guilford Press, 1999, pp. 102-138.McAdams, Dan P. â€Å"Can Personality Change? Leve ls of Stability and Growth In Personality Across the Life Span.† Can Personality Change? edited by Todd F. Heatherton and Joel L. Weinberger, American Psychological Association, 1994, pp. 299-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10143-027 McAdams, Dan. The Person: An Introduction to the Science of Personality Psychology. 5th ed., Wiley, 2008.Measelle, Jeffrey R., Oliver P. John, Jennifer C. Ablow, Philip A. Cowan, and Carolyn P. Cowan. â€Å"Can Children Provide Coherent, Stable, and Valid Self-Reports on the Big Five Dimensions? A Longitudinal Study from Ages 5 to 7. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 89, 2005, pp. 90-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.1.90Roberts, Brent W., Kate E. Walton, and Wolfgang Viechtbauer. â€Å"Patterns of Mean-Level Change in Personality Traits Across the Life Course: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies.† Psychological Bulletin, vol. 132. No. 1, 2006, pp. 1-35.  Van Lieshout, Cornelis F. M. and Gerbert J. T. Haselager. â€Å"The Big Five Personality Factors in Q-Sort Descriptions of Children and Adolescents.† The Developing Structure of Temperament and Personality From Infancy to Adulthood, edited by Charles F. Halverson, Gedolph A. Kohnstamm, and Roy P. Martin, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1994, pp. 293-318.

Employee Benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Employee Benefits - Essay Example An employee has the right to claim or file a court order upon denial of the enjoyment of such benefits (United States and United States, 2004). Many employees fail to understand whether their employee benefits package gives them the payback, they deserve in an increased employee appreciation and satisfaction. They may only understand and appreciate only a part of the employer’s cost of the benefits they receive. Employees should understand and claim for such benefits including: Health care benefits; All employees are entitled to health and care benefits. Organizations are called upon to initiate some wellness related programs that cover the health care of the employees. Employers should provide a safe working environment. Employees who have a full access to their benefits significantly play a great role towards the development of the organization. These may act motivating factors for employees who in turn work to achieve great success of the organization. Some successful organizations like the World Bank are found to have been in first place in administering services that offered the employee benefits. World Bank offer much employee benefits facilitated through such programs like the Medical Insurance Program, which is a comprehensive insurance policy run by the World Bank Group for the locally or internationally recruited employees (United States and United States, 2004).These among other benefits are vital in the sustenance of the employee and the company. The modern approach to employee benefit and compensation plans rewards and helps in the recognition of the best employees in an organization. Effective employee benefits plans raise and improve productivity and increase employee retention. Genera lly, the employee benefits plan has a positive impact on the organization’s bottom line. They should be offered as a right and benefit to both the

Managing gender equality in the workplace Assignment

Managing gender equality in the workplace - Assignment Example Organizations prefer to have individuals from diverse backgrounds as their team members because this choice can bring in more talent, innovative ideas, knowledge and learning opportunities. On the negative side, this measure can create a lot of anger, frustration, unhealthy competition, employees’ politics and complexes among the employees because of low tolerance and sexual superiority. In most organizations, we see that majority of the working force is of men and they are the ones serving at the superior positions. Women are not much appreciated in the business world because it is a common misconception in our society that women are just meant for taking care of the entire family, raising the children and doing the household work. In reality, the potential possessed by females is commendable. Some organizations encourage women to become a part of the business arena and they design special policies and rewards so that women feel secure and proud of their status. They treat wo men as equally to men and condemn gender discrimination in the workplace. Also those belonging to diverse backgrounds have to face real problems when mixing up with team who have entirely different cultural backgrounds. Due to such issues, the ultimate productivity of an organization suffers. Among many such organizations, Unilever is one organization which is a supporter of diversity and gender equality. In this paper, we will be focusing on the practices of Unilever that are aimed at managing equality and diversity within the organization, relate these practices with the theories based on equality and diversity and recommend possible diversity management strategies for Unilever. Theoretical Review Globalization has brought in challenges for almost all organizations. Of them, the biggest one is to survive and compete with other organizations in the industry. Multinational companies are realizing that inviting people from across the borders to become a part of them is an intelligent move which can certainly benefit the company. When a team is diverse, every member will be having his own ideas and opinions about things and when these ideas combine, the result is nothing but success. But this is possible only when diverse teams are managed in a way that their productivity is enhanced. Similarly, women in the business world are as capable as men. Today, companies are realizing that the talent and ability women possess cannot in any case be ignored and they deserve to be given opportunities. There are a number of key factors that an organization like our chosen one, Unilever is taking into account while designing and implementing its gender equality practices. At Unilever, they have a global diversity program, the purpose of which is to ensure that they have the right talent and creative people in the company. They also ensure that the workforce is gender balanced so that the maximum output can be achieved. Unilever is making it certain that the graduate recruits make fifty percent of the workforce. However, the annual reports reveal that although women are working in senior and middle level positions at the company but there is only one woman who is serving Unilever at the leadership level. We can relate this to the concept of glass ceiling effect.

Brians Search For The Meaning Of Life In W.o. Mitchells Who Has Seen :: essays research papers

Brian's Search for the Meaning of Life in W.O. Mitchell's Who Has Seen the Wind By Rodrigo Goller Through the brilliantly written book Who Has Seen the Wind, Mitchell is able to very effectively describe the tale of one boy and his growth on the Saskatchewan prairie. Brian's childhood revolves around aspects of everyday life, and in it he attempts to explain that which has evaded and mystified even the great minds of our times: the meaning of life. He is able to somewhat understand the meaning of life though his experiences with birth, particularly that of a pigeon, and a rabbit. His up-close-in-your-face learning of death, at an early age, when his dog, and subsequently his father dies. Lastly Brian's realization that it's all just sensations, and feelings complete his search for the meaning of life. Early in his life, Brian has many experiences with birth. The first of these comes to him at an early age when he sees newborn pigeons. When his father explains how these pigeons were made, Brian understands that birth is the beginning of life. Four years later, a similar conversation comes up when Brian asks his father how rabbits are born. With this new found knowledge, Brian also sees another newborn. But this time it was a two-headed calf, who dies at birth. Because of this, Brian comes to the realization that "God isn't very considerate"(166), for sometimes he lets things like the two headed cow come into this world, only to suffer and then die. The Second instance in which Brian is confronted with the meaning of life, comes to him when he sees death, and asks himself why. When Brian's pigeon died, he asked his father why it had happened. "Why?" said Brian. "It happens to things," his father said. "Why does it happen to things?" He turned up his face to his father, cheeks stained with drying tears. "That's the way they end up." Brian looked down at the baby pigeon in his hand. "It was an egg. Now it's stopped." "Yes Spalpeen, it's stopped." (56) Although this was hard for Brian to face, he was once again confronted with death. This second time, his dog Jappy dies crushed by a carriage of horses as "the front wheels of the dray missed Jappy. The hind ones did not. A shrill and agonized cry arose." (175) As Brian stood by, not able to help his dog, Brian "knew that this lifeless thing [ once had lived, but now ] his dog was dead,"(176) and that there was nothing he could ever do to bring Jappy back.

Husky Injection Molding Systems Case Essay

Husky was founded in 1953 by Robert Schad. They were the world premier manufacturer of plastic injection molding equipment from the 1970s to the 1990s. The company has made products ranging from soft drink bottles and yogurt cups to automotive components and computer housing. They provide the plastic industry with inclusive and ample manufacturing solutions but charged a heavy price for there business. In the early 1990s they reached had an extreme increase in growth, quadrupling there net income and raising equity close to 40%. The reason for the rise in net income was because Husky produced machines that were unique, innovative, and efficient. They had evolved into a leader of the polyethylene terephthalate industry and put into place obstacles for competitors to enter. This helped eliminate the negotiating ability of customers. They also provided customer service that was quick and from trained technicians. After 1995 competitors entered the market with lower cost causing Husky to lose customers and in return lose money. As shown in the case Husky machines cost two hundred thousand more dollars then there competitors. Therefore, Husky has to show that there product is worth the premium cost. In order to find out if Husky’s machine is worth the extra cost we need to look at the cycle time, floor space occupied, and work per day. Husky machine has a slower cycle time by 1.4 seconds, they use 8.7 less square feet and works 3.4 hours per day. Also, we find that Husky machines can make the same amount of products in a year, 365 days, compared to their competitors taking 488 days. In the long run, Husky’s machine cost less than its competitors. This should show the customers that a Husky machine is worth the premium price but they first have to respond to some issues they are having. Husky, being an independent company, definitely has difficulties and unexpected problems. One of the biggest issues is the resin shortage. Husky Injection Molding Systems was unaware that this may be a problem, resulting in the shortage ruining a huge part of the industry. This failure not only affected Husky but the companies who manufactured equipment for it. Another issue is that competitors offered products very similar to Husky’s but with much lower prices. This made customers more resistant to paying the price for Husky’s product. Naturally, Husky Injection Molding Systems wants to respond to these issues while solving them as efficiently as possible. In order to do this, they need to come up with long and short-term goals. First, they need to make substantial improvements on return on investment. They need to show current and possible customers the higher quality and productivity that their machines provide. Next, lowering the price will increase customer awareness and will prevent competitors from joining the PET business. In addition to gaining customer satisfaction, the Husky marketing team needs to increase product awareness. Last, they need to explore different opportunities with other companies in terms of the molding system.

Pearson Custom Education, Five Educational Philosophies

In the book Pearson Custom Education, five educational philosophies are discussed and what each one represents what a teaching and learning is distinctive to each other and some of them is easily observable in nowadays moment when in contrast, some of them are rarely to be seen. The first among the five philosophies is essentialism. It is a teacher centered philosophy which â€Å"puts little stock in what students want in terms of what and how they learn† (Powell, 2015, p.71). There are requirements for students such as: â€Å"[their] interests not important, [they] must be discipline; [and their] hard work emphasized† (Powell, 2015, p.71). The mainly used method for teaching would be â€Å"direct instruction, memorization, and proven methods† and such†¦show more content†¦Its curriculum is mostly based on life experience where knowledge is â€Å"obtained through interactions, [and it is] constructed from what is seen, heard, [and] done† (Powell, 2015, p.73). It is like when Rafe takes his students to field trips to give his students experiential learnings from real life involvement. The next student centered philosophy is social reconstructionism which is â€Å"to educate students in ways that will help society move beyond all forms of discrimination to the benefit of everyone worldwide. [Unlike from other philosophies], this philosophy addresses such topics as racial equality, women’s rights, sexism, environmental pollution, poverty, substance abuse, homophobia, and AIDS† (Powell, 2015, p.74). In this philosophy, it wants students be actively involved and engaged with social issues and teachers as who helps students feel the responsibility for humanity. How Rafe’s teaching assimilates with social reconstructionism is that Rafe also lets his students face their own life issues during or outside of class and help them think and get to solutions by themselves. However, Rafe does not force the responsibility for humanity or any other types of social issue onto his students. He does make his students know that they will be the future who could i nfluence the world and what is around them, but no such obligatory is given throughout his teaching. And last but not least, existentialism is theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Personal Educational Philosophy1069 Words   |  5 Pagespersonal educational philosophy statement. It represents my ideas and values about teaching and learning; it reveals my personal teaching beliefs and their relation to the five major established educational philosophies; it shows my role and responsibilities in educational process. I place great significance on personal style of instruction and its influence on curriculum implementation. The paper also highlights my career aspiration and orientation. 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